I'm currently reading a book called On Reading Well, by Karen Swallow Prior. This is certainly not my usual realm (which I can confidently say is either literature or children's fiction) but rather a dabble into literary criticism with a Christian twist. This book in particular, has the distinction of being an argument for the moral benefit of reading fiction. (Which is not too common today, especially among Christian circles.) So I refrained from writing another book review this week, partly because it seemed a bit much to review books by the same author three weeks in a row, and partly because I'm well into the middle of a book about reading, that I would rather share with the world at large.
While I'm not at all trained in literary criticism, I have read other books about writing and about assessing the strength and value of the writing that we read. I'm also fairly well read, in the sense that I have read quite a lot and I can articulate both the good and bad points of the books I read. And not having been classically trained in literary criticism, it feels rather validating that in reading this book, my common-sense approach to determining what is good and bad seems to be upheld. (Though this style of literary criticism is considered, at best, quaint in these modern times.)
Good fiction makes us want to be good people. There. Now isn't that quaint? But it's true....
This is what Karen Swallow Prior argues so compellingly in her introduction.
Virtue is desirable for a good life. And virtue comes, not from knowledge, but from practice. Knowing what is virtuous doesn't make us so.... it's acting virtuous that makes us good people. And how do we learn to act virtuous? By being placed in circumstances where we must choose between right and wrong and we succeed in choosing right. And how do we know what is right and virtuous? Perhaps a couple ways: one way is to call to mind an example that you admire of virtuous behavior. We imagine, "what would so-and-so think or say or do in such a case?" This is the benefit of history. We can think of a specific example with personality that inspires us and with which we can sympathize in their victories and defeats. A second way to know virtue is from philosophy. We think hypothetically about what is perfect and to be desired above everything else in beauty and goodness.... and we form an ideal.
This is what makes fiction so very powerful. Because fiction is the only place where the ideal (philosophy) can meet the picture (history). In reading a fiction story, we relate to the protagonist (and indeed, all the characters!) in their vicissitudes and we feel the pain of their bad decisions and the glory of their good decisions. We see with an almost omniscient eye the ramifications of their actions and the events leading to the fateful dilemmas that must change the course of their story. In essence, we are so emotionally invested that when we read a book that paints the world in strong and true colors (that show accurately the pain of 'bad' and the joy of 'good'), we are mentally practicing to make the same decisions in our own lives.
If people become virtuous through practice, reading fiction is a way to practice making good decisions alongside the characters that we read about. Of course we recognize that we aren't really in the same situation.... and yet, we think through the decision as if we were. That's why it's a practice! And it helps train our minds and our hearts to desire to do well and to be worthy of greatness in the real world. Karen Swallow Prior also suggests that even though we aren't truly living out these situations requiring a turning toward right or wrong, we often aren't fully living out our own scenarios even in real life! Yes, we're living, and actually making decisions. But we often don't see (as we do when we're reading) the ramifications and ripple effects of the decisions we're making. We don't see all the movements around us that have brought us to this place. We don't see the history of many years condensed into a mere hundred pages that we have perused over the last couple days to give us a rounded and broad understanding of the virtues and vices that have come this moment to war over our souls. But! The more fiction we read, and the more we practice seeing these things in the books we read, the more we are ready to consider the story of our own lives with greater wisdom and discernment.
This has certainly been true in my own life. I can easily rattle off a half-dozen fictional characters that have literally changed the way I think and live simply because I have read and re-read and loved the books in which they are cast. And now, in being reminded of the value of their example, I'm once again inspired to search for more, and to be reunited with my old heroes that have brought me to my current place and still have much to teach me. If you don't have fictional heroes, you are missing out on a very great blessing and help toward finishing your own story well.
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